There are a total of 20 amino acids that are needed to make up the proteins in your body. Nine of them are essential—meaning your body can’t produce them on its own and therefore must be obtained through food—and 11 of them are non-essential.
Essential Amino Acids
Essential amino acids include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine (3).
Since the body can’t produce these on its own, it’s crucial to get all nine of them from your diet. Foods like red meat, eggs, soy protein, and a high-quality collagen supplement will do the trick—as each of these are some of the best sources of essential amino acids.
The recommended amount for each is 10 to 20 mg/kg of body weight in the form of a complete protein like the foods mentioned above (4).
For example, if you weigh in at 130 pounds (or 59 kilograms), you’ll want to consume between 590 and 1,180 milligrams (or 0.59 to 1.18 grams) of essential amino acids.
As you consistently hit your amino acid goals each day, you’ll feel the difference. From hormone regulation to increased muscle strength, better endurance, and deeper sleep, amino acids take on many roles in the body.
Non-Essential Amino Acids
Don’t worry about having to obtain these from food too—your body has these eleven amino acids covered.
Nonessential amino acids include alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine (5).
Each of these is produced from glucose, which means that the carbohydrates we eat are automatically broken down into glucose—a type of sugar that is also the main source of fuel for our cells (6). And when the body doesn’t need the glucose yet, it stores it in the liver and muscles so that it’s readily available.
But wait! There is one more type of amino acid…
Conditional Amino Acids
Conditional amino acids are relevant only for those who are ill or under a lot of stress.
For instance, in the case that one has a disease like cancer, the body wouldn’t be able to meet the necessary demands of arginine—even though it’s classified as a “nonessential” amino acid (7). This is because many tumors are reliant upon arginine for growth, thus, arginine depletes.
So, it’s all the more important to continually revive the supply of all amino acids in order to keep nutrition and physiology up to par.
The 8 conditional amino acids include arginine, cysteine, glutamine, tyrosine, glycine, ornithine, proline, and serine.