There are two types of fiber: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber. Let’s take a look at the former…
When you eat foods with soluble fiber (like oranges, carrots, and chia seeds), the fiber undergoes a complete transformation in the gut. This transformation produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like butyrate, propionate, and acetate. These fatty acids are like the guardians of your gut lining, keeping it strong and impenetrable. This reduces the likelihood of harmful substances entering your bloodstream, a condition commonly referred to as “leaky gut” (2).
By preventing this leakage, fiber helps reduce systemic inflammation, which can lead to various health conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis (3, 4).
But it doesn’t stop here…these SCFAs also play a crucial role in regulating the immune system, a network of cells, tissues, and organs that’s responsible for inflammatory responses. If you think of SCFAs as musical conductors, they orchestrate a harmonious symphony between various immune cells (neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells), influencing their behaviors and actions (5). Because of this, inflammation can be kept at bay and only ignited when absolutely necessary.
Michelle Routhenstein, MS, RD, CDE, CDN, and Heart Health Dietitian at Entirely Nourished, sums it all up, saying, “Fiber plays an important role in helping prevent complications of chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. It improves the gut microbiome, which has been linked with benefits for both the brain and heart. Some fiber is fermentable in the gut, which leads to the production of metabolites like butyrate. Butyrate is associated with reduced inflammation and may help support healthier blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood vessel health.”